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71.
张兴义 《中国生态农业学报》2000,8(4):37-39
在自然、适宜、充足3种土壤水分和无肥、中肥、高肥3种施肥水平耦合作用条件下,研究水肥对春小麦拔节期、孕穗期、灌浆期有效叶面积和产量的影响。结果表明,春小麦有效叶面积与施肥水平呈正相关,产量以适宜水分高肥耦合最高,为3713kg/hm2。 相似文献
72.
Abstract. Low input grazing-based meat production is often practised on land where alternative land use is restricted and where high biodiversity warrants specific environmental payments. Although these systems are characterized by low external nutrient inputs, significant nutrient losses may occur per unit of produce, even though losses per unit area are low. If the aim is to have animal production without further eutrophication of watercourses, these losses should be minimized,. However, if nutrient-poor grasslands characterized by high biodiversity are the aim, some losses must be accepted to balance nutrient inputs by atmospheric deposition. The impact of grazing animals on nutrient dynamics in grasslands is reviewed in this paper, and options to further improve nutrient management are discussed. It is concluded that nutrient management should largely be addressed indirectly through management of animal behaviour in relation to grazing and supplemental feeding, as well as through optimization of the seasonal distribution of livestock size. A case study indicated that N losses from a cattle farm could be reduced considerably by these means, while animal production could actually be improved. Sustainability issues and trends in legislative and social pressures on low input grazing-based systems of animal production are discussed in relation to nutrient management and practical recommendations. 相似文献
73.
[目的]选取新疆自治区布克赛尔县为研究的样本区,对该区牧户退牧还草政策进行调查分析,以期为该地区草原生态环境与社会经济的协调发展提供科学依据。[方法]通过问卷调查的方式对样本区150户牧民参与退牧还草工程的情况进行调查,并采用最优尺度分析法对问卷数据进行建模分析。[结果]牧户的文化程度、家庭收入水平、从退牧还草政策中的获利程度和对草场退化的认知程度对牧户参与退牧还草政策的积极性存在显著正向影响;而牧户的年龄、家庭人口规模对牧户参与退牧还草的积极性存在显著负向影响。[结论]在退牧还草政策影响下,文化程度和家庭收入水平高的、从政策中获益多的牧民更愿意调整生产结构、转变生产方式;牧户参与退牧还草积极性的高低主要取决于参与退牧还草能否能获利和是否有能力承担转变后的风险。 相似文献
74.
75.
T.P. Leo A.P. da Silva M.C.M. Macedo S. Imhoff V.P.B. Euclides 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,88(1-2):279-285
The Brazilian savanna, or “Cerrado”, is an ecosystem that originally covered more than 200 Mha in Brazil. It is estimated that about 49.5 Mha in the Cerrado are now covered with cultivated pastures, which are responsible for half of Brazilian beef production. However, soil and pasture degradation represent a threat to this productive system and to the Cerrado ecosystem itself. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the least limiting water range (LLWR) as an index of near-surface soil physical quality after conversion of Brazilian savanna to continuous and short-duration grazing systems. Three sites were evaluated: native Cerrado (NC), continuous grazing (CG), and short-duration grazing (SG). Thirty soil cores (5 cm height, 5 cm diameter) were collected at each site, and used for soil bulk density, soil water retention curve, and soil penetration resistance curve determinations. The results were used for quantification of LLWR and critical bulk density (Dbc), in which LLWR equals zero. The near-surface soil physical quality, as evaluated by the LLWR, was most restrictive for potential root growth in SG. In CG, potential restriction was moderate; however, the entire soil bulk density range was below the Dbc. In NC, potential restriction was minimum. The soil structural degradation process was primarily related to the increase in stocking rates in the grazing systems. The LLWR proved to be a useful indicator of Cerrado soil physical quality, being sensitive to alterations in near-surface physical properties. 相似文献
76.
Soil quality assessment in semiarid rangeland in Iran 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract. We examined the use of soil quality (SQ) assessment to predict soil productivity and stability as a component of site potential for rangelands. Two minimum sets of data were compared for the SQ assessment within an area of relatively uniform climate. Data set 1 consisted of total soil N, topsoil depth, effective profile depth (EPD), and grade of structure, thus incorporating only soil chemical and physical properties. Data set 2 included exchangeable soil potassium, EPD, soil water retention capacity at wilting point, a soil slake test, and a nutrient cycling index. The interrelationships between soil properties and plant growth characteristics (i.e. total and herbage yield) were investigated and interpreted by statistical analysis and expert knowledge. By performing multiple regressions for each data set against the plant growth characteristics, we identified the contribution of each data set variable to the variability in plant characteristics and, thus, the predictive potential of each variable and data set. Within data set 1, EPD was important and in data set 2 the nutrient cycling index, which is a landscape function index derived from soil surface attributes, played the most important role in predicting potential. Principal component analysis was used to provide weighting factors for each indicator. We then transformed and combined observed indicator values for each data set using weighting factors and scoring functions into an additive soil quality index (SQI) varying in value from 0 to 1. The SQIs, with values greater than 0.8, provide optimum conditions for high yield. 相似文献
77.
78.
生态技术进步造就了作物高产不衰的典型——重访青海香日德地区春小麦高产田的启示 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
孙鸿良 《中国生态农业学报》2007,15(2):181-183
20世纪70年代末期,我国青藏高原的香日德镇出现了春小麦单产15195.00kg/hm2的高产纪录,生长季的光能利用率高达5.9%。其高光效原因何在以及能否保持不衰为众人所关注。近年笔者实地考察发现,生态技术创新是该区春小麦高产不衰的主导致因。其中特殊生态位新品种的成功选育、生态技术的全方位应用以及农田之外生态用地的有效建设是支持高产并可持续发展的三大支柱。生态技术进步作为经济增长的内在变量具有重要现实意义,香日德为生态经济学中的生态创新理论与B模式提供了成功实例。 相似文献
79.
张步翀 《中国生态农业学报》2007,15(5):26-29
对甘肃省河西绿洲灌区春小麦调亏灌溉两年后土壤速效磷和全P变化进行了研究,并采用配对样本t检验(双尾检验)对小麦收获时土壤P素养分指标年际间的差异及其与全生育期调亏供水量、速效磷与全P的关系进行了回归分析。结果发现,春小麦调亏灌溉对土壤P素养分有显著影响,0~20cm和0~40cm土层土壤全P量和速效磷均与小麦全生育期供水量呈线性正相关;土壤速效磷随着全P量的增加呈线性增加趋势。且小麦全生育期供水量与土壤全P量和速效磷及速效磷与全P量的关系0~20cm和0~40cm土层极为一致。 相似文献
80.